Gene therapy research is transforming the understanding of neurological disorders by exploring ways to address genetic causes rather than only managing symptoms. Scientists are studying innovative techniques that may help improve the treatment of inherited and acquired conditions affecting the brain, spinal cord, and nervous system. Ongoing clinical research focuses on improving safety, precision, and long-term effectiveness while reducing potential risks. Although many therapies are still under investigation, advances in genetic science continue to expand knowledge and create new possibilities for future care. This guide provides an overview of current research, key technologies, potential benefits, challenges, and future directions.